Electron discharge device



Nov. 18, 1947. K. VAN GESSEL v ELECTRON DISCHARGE DEVICE Filed Sept. 8,1944 KAZZFL aas'sfl;

' INVENTOR.

ATTORNEY Patented Nov. 18, 1947 ELECTRON DISCHARGE DEVICE Karel vanGessel, Scarsdale, N. 'Y., assignor, by mesne assignments, to PhilipsLaboratories, Inc., Irvington'on-Hudson, N. Y., a corporation ofDelaware Application September 8, 1944, Serial No. 553,212

10 Claims. 1

This invention relates to electron discharge devices, and moreparticularly to fluid cooled electrodes for such devices.

An object of the invention is to provide fluid cooled electrodes withimproved heat transfer characteristics.

Another object of the invention is to provide fluid cooled electrodes ofsimplified construction. -A,furth.er. object of the invention is toprovide fluid cooled electrodes which are mounted in and sealed to theenvelope in a simple, inexpensive embodiment of -the invention, and

V 7 Fig.2 is a diagra-mmatic side view, shown in perspective, of anotherembodiment of the invention.

Referring now to the drawing wherein corresponding parts are denoted byidentical reference numerals, and first to Fig. 1, I is the envelope ofan electron discharge tube and 2 is the cathode and 3 the grid formingpart of the electrode assembly of the tube.

U-shaped tubing 4 of glass or gas-impervious metal, for example, servingas passage for a cooling medium and having an inlet 5 and an outlet 6,is mounted in and sealed to, the bottom I of envelope I and extends intothe interior of the envelope so as to surround the grid 3.

In accordance with one of the basic concepts of the invention, thetubing 4 is provided, for example by plating or coating, withcylindrical anode portions 8 which are arranged opposite two sides ofthe grid 3 and which extend over a distance corresponding substantiallyto the effective electron-emitting portion of the cathode 2. In the caseof either glass or metal tubing, the anode portions 8 may be provided bycoating the tubing with zirconium; if the tubing is made of glass someother suitable metal may be initially plated or otherwise depositedthereon. The anode portions 8 are interconnected by a wire 9, as shownin Fig. 1.

In the operation of the electron discharge tube according to Fig. 1,cooling fluid such as water enters the inlet 5; traverses the tubing 4so as to cool the anode portions 8 over the entire area thereof, andleaves by the outlet 6.

The intimate contact of the cooling medium with the base of the anode,over the entire surface of the latter, results in optimum heat transfercharacteristics. If the tubing is made of glass or the like, the anodeportions are insulated from the cooling medium by the agency of theglass or other insulating material separating the metallic anodeportions from the cooling fluid. Other important advantages of theelectron discharge tube according to Fig. 1 involve simplicity ofconstruction and assembly, and a corresponding lowering of the cost ofmanufacturing the tube.

Another embodiment of the invention is illustrated in Fig. 2. Theenvelope l and that part of the electrode assembly including the cathode2 and the grid 3 correspond to the showing of Fig. 1. U-shaped tubing IImade of gas-impervious metal or glass, for example, and having an inletI2 and an outlet I3, is mounted in and sealed, for example by fusing, tothe bottom M of the envelope, and extends into the interior of theenvelope so as to surround the grid 3.

In accordance with another fundamental concept of the invention, thetubing I I mounts semicircular, flattened, hollow anode portions whichsurround the grid 3 and extend over a distance substantiallycorresponding to the efiective electron-emitting portion of the cathode2. These hollow anode portions I5 may be made of glass and may have alayer I6 of zirconium deposited on them, as shown in Fig. 2, or in casethe tubing I l is made of metal, these anode portions may be made of agas-impervious metal preferably covered with zirconium. The portions I5are conductively interconnected by the tubing I I in case this is madeof metal, or else by a connecting wire as shown in Fig. 1.

In the operation of the embodiment of the invention according to Fig. 2,cooling medium enters the inlet I2; traverses the tubing II and hollowanode portions I5 so as to be in intimate heattransferring contact withsubstantially the entire surface of these anode portions; and leaves bythe outlet l3.

The electron discharge tube according to Fig. 2 involves numerousadvantages such as simruggedness and most important, excellentheattransfer characteristics resulting in dependable cooling of theanode portions.

I wish it to be understood that I do not desire to be limited to thedetails of construction, design and operation shown and described asvarious modifications within the scope of the appended claims may occurto a person skilled in the art.

I claim:

1. An electron discharge device, comprising an envelope, a bottom insaid envelope, electrodes including a cathode and a grid mounted in saidbottom, a U-shaped tubular cooling member of insulating material mountedin said bottom so as to surround said electrodes, and metallic anodeportions plated on the legs of the U-shaped member.

2. An electron discharge device, comprising an envelope, a bottom insaid envelope, electrodes including a cathode and a grid mounted on saidbottom, a U-shaped tubular cooling member of glass mounted in saidbottom so as to surround said electrodes, and metallic anode portionsplated on the legs of the U-shaped member and extending over a distancecorresponding substantially to the efiective electron emitting portionof said cathode.

3. An electron discharge device, comprising an envelope, a bottom insaid envelope, electrodes including a cathode and a grid mounted on saidbottom, a U-shaped tubular cooling member of insulating material mountedin said bottom so as to surround said electrode, and flattened hollowanode portions in the legs of said U-shaped member, said anode portionscomprising zirconium coatings forming the surfaces thereof.

4. An electron discharge device, comprising an envelope, a bottom insaid envelope, electrodes including a cathode and a grid mounted on saidbottom, a U-shaped tubular cooling member of insulating material mountedin said bottom so as to surround said electrodes, flattened hollow anodeportions in the legs of said U-shaped member, and a zirconium coating onsaid anode portions forming the surfaces thereof.

5, An electron discharge device, comprising an envelope, a bottom insaid envelope, electrodes in cluding a cathode and a grid mounted onsaid bottom, a U-shaped tubular cooling member of insulating materialmounted in said bottom so as to surround said electrodes, flattenedhollow anode portions in the legs of said U-shaped 4 member, and azirconium coating on said anode portions.

6. An electron discharge device, comprising an envelope, a bottom insaid envelope, a U-shaped tubular cooling member of insulating materialmounted in said bottom, zirconium plated anode portions on the legs ofsaid U-shaped member, and the remaining electrodes mounted on saidbottom between the legs of said U-shaped member and in alignment withsaid anode portions.

'7. An electron discharge device, comprising an evacuated envelope,glass conduit means for circulating a cooling medium mounted in saidenvelope, and a zirconium electrode in the form of a plating on saidconduit means.

8. An electron discharge device comprising an evacuated envelope, glassconduit means for circulating a cooling medium mounted in said envelope,a cathode and a grid mounted in said envelope and a zirconium anode inthe form of a coating on said conduit means in proximity to said grid.

9. An electron discharge device, comprising an evacuated envelope, and aconduit of insulating material mounted in said envelope for circulatinga coolant and having metallic anode portions plated thereon.

10. An electron discharge device, comprising an evacuated envelope, anda conduit of insulating material mounted in said envelope forcirculating a coolant and having zirconium anode portionsplated thereon.

KAREL vAN GESSEL.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file ofthis patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 1,684,947 Daumann Sept. 18, 19292,263,164 Dailey Nov. 18, 1941 2,368,060 Wooten -1 Jan. 23, 19451,545,654 Hoppock July 14, 1925 1,956,408 Acheson Apr. 24, 19341,981,524 Nolte Nov, 20, 1934 2,054,126 Hollman Sept. 15, 1936 FOREIGNPATENTS Number Country Date 352,440 Great Britain Jan. 6, 1930

